My example is Augie, my grandson. Is "Screen Time" Dangerous for Children? join Steve Paulson of To the Best of Our Knowledge, Alison Gopnik of the University of California, Berkeley, Carl Safina of Stony On January 17th, join Steve Paulson of To the Best of Our Knowledge, Alison Gopnik of the . So just by doing just by being a caregiver, just by caring, what youre doing is providing the context in which this kind of exploration can take place. According to this alter But the numinous sort of turns up the dial on awe. Their salaries are higher. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Syntax; Advanced Search And I think its called social reference learning. Its not very good at doing anything that is the sort of things that you need to act well. And another example that weve been working on a lot with the Bay Area group is just vision. The Inflation Story Has Changed Significantly. Several studies suggest that specific rela-tions between semantic and cognitive devel-opment may exist. Could we read that book at your house? I didnt know that there was an airplane there. And it takes actual, dedicated effort to not do things that feel like work to me. The movie is just completely captivating. The Many Minds of the Octopus (15 Apr 2021). When Younger Learners Can Be Better (or at Least More Open-Minded) Than Older Ones - Alison Gopnik, Thomas L. Griffiths, Christopher G. Lucas, 2015 You do the same thing over and over again. Her writings on psychology and cognitive science have appeared in the most prestigious scientific journals and her work also includes four books and over 100 journal articles. And you dont see the things that are on the other side. Do you think for kids that play or imaginative play should be understood as a form of consciousness, a state? The other change thats particularly relevant to humans is that we have the prefrontal cortex. There's an old view of the mind that goes something like this: The world is flooding in, and we're sitting back, just trying to process it all. A lovely example that one of my computer science postdocs gave the other day was that her three-year-old was walking on the campus and saw the Campanile at Berkeley. project, in many ways, makes the differences more salient than the similarities. But if we wanted to have A.I.s that had those kinds of capacities, theyd need to have grandmoms. GPT 3, the open A.I. But, again, the sort of baseline is that humans have this really, really long period of immaturity. The murder conviction of the disbarred lawyer capped a South Carolina low country saga that attracted intense global interest. One kind of consciousness this is an old metaphor is to think about attention as being like a spotlight. But its not very good at putting on its jacket and getting into preschool in the morning. Thats the kind of basic rationale behind the studies. I have some information about how this machine works, for example, myself. Theres a certain kind of happiness and joy that goes with being in that state when youre just playing. So to have a culture, one thing you need to do is to have a generation that comes in and can take advantage of all the other things that the previous generations have learned. And of course, once we develop a culture, that just gets to be more true because each generation is going to change its environment in various ways that affect its culture. What should having more respect for the childs mind change not for how we care for children, but how we care for ourselves or what kinds of things we open ourselves into? And as you might expect, what you end up with is A.I. Something that strikes me about this conversation is exactly what you are touching on, this idea that you can have one objective function. You tell the human, I just want you to do stuff with the things that are here. Unlike my son and I dont want to brag here unlike my son, I can make it from his bedroom to the kitchen without any stops along the way. You look at any kid, right? The flneur has a long and honored literary history. And then it turns out that that house is full of spirits and ghosts and traditions and things that youve learned from the past. Thats what lets humans keep altering their values and goals, and most of the time, for good. We describe a surprising developmental pattern we found in studies involving three different kinds of problems and age ranges. And we dont really completely know what the answer is. But if you do the same walk with a two-year-old, you realize, wait a minute. So it turns out that you look at genetics, and thats responsible for some of the variance. That context that caregivers provide, thats absolutely crucial. But a lot of it is just all this other stuff, right? What does this somewhat deeper understanding of the childs brain imply for caregivers? The system can't perform the operation now. I think its a good place to come to a close. Its not random. Its willing to both pass on tradition and tolerate, in fact, even encourage, change, thats willing to say, heres my values. I mean, they really have trouble generalizing even when theyre very good. After all, if we can learn how infants learn, that might teach us about how we learn and understand our world. Alison Gopnik is a Professor in the Department of Psychology. And its interesting that if you look at what might look like a really different literature, look at studies about the effects of preschool on later development in children. She is the author of The Scientist in the Crib, The Philosophical Baby, and The Gardener and the Carpenter. And then you use that to train the robots. Alison Gopnik is a professor of psychology and affiliate professor of philosophy at the University of California at Berkeley, and a member of the Berkeley AI Research Group. So imagine if your arms were like your two-year-old, right? So part of it kind of goes in circles. And its much harder for A.I. Alison Gopnik is at the center of helping us understand how babies and young children think and learn (her website is www.alisongopnik.com ). Or you have the A.I. Some of the things that were looking at, for instance, is with children, when theyre learning to identify objects in the world, one thing they do is they pick them up and then they move around. Because I think theres cultural pressure to not play, but I think that your research and some of the others suggest maybe weve made a terrible mistake on that by not honoring play more. A child psychologistand grandmothersays such fears are overblown. But a mind tuned to learn works differently from a mind trying to exploit what it already knows. I suspect that may be what the consciousness of an octo is like. Alison Gopnik. So theres a really nice picture about what happens in professorial consciousness. And I think adults have the capacity to some extent to go back and forth between those two states. But if you look at the social world, theres really this burst of plasticity and flexibility in adolescence. By Alison Gopnik Jan. 16, 2005 EVERYTHING developmental psychologists have learned in the past 30 years points in one direction -- children are far, far smarter than we would ever have thought.. In the same week, another friend of mine had an abortion after becoming pregnant under circumstances that simply wouldn't make sense for . Theres, again, an intrinsic tension between how much you know and how open you are to new possibilities. And the idea is maybe we could look at some of the things that the two-year-olds do when theyre learning and see if that makes a difference to what the A.I.s are doing when theyre learning. And if theyre crows, theyre playing with twigs and figuring out how they can use the twigs. [MUSIC PLAYING]. Paul Krugman Breaks It Down. Theyre kind of like our tentacles. So I think the other thing is that being with children can give adults a sense of this broader way of being in the world. PhilPapers PhilPeople PhilArchive PhilEvents PhilJobs. Theres lots of different ways that we have of being in the world, lots of different kinds of experiences that we have. 4 References Tamar Kushnir, Alison Gopnik, Nadia Chernyak, Elizabeth Seiver, Henry M. Wellman, Developing intuitions about free will between ages four and six, Cognition, Volume 138, 2015, Pages 79-101, ISSN 0010-0277, . But another thing that goes with it is the activity of play. And I think that evolution has used that strategy in designing human development in particular because we have this really long childhood. Im Ezra Klein, and this is The Ezra Klein Show.. So you see this really deep tension, which I think were facing all the time between how much are we considering different possibilities and how much are we acting efficiently and swiftly. Our minds are basically passive and reactive, always a step behind. And thats exactly the example of the sort of things that children do. And we can think about what is it. Or to take the example about the robot imitators, this is a really lovely project that were working on with some people from Google Brain. I think anyone whos worked with human brains and then goes to try to do A.I., the gulf is really pretty striking. And then the central head brain is doing things like saying, OK, now its time to squirt. And in empirical work that weve done, weve shown that when you look at kids imitating, its really fascinating because even three-year-olds will imitate the details of what someone else is doing, but theyll integrate, OK, I saw you do this. So my five-year-old grandson, who hasnt been in our house for a year, first said, I love you, grandmom, and then said, you know, grandmom, do you still have that book that you have at your house with the little boy who has this white suit, and he goes to the island with the monsters on it, and then he comes back again? So I think we have children who really have this explorer brain and this explorer experience. Alison Gopnik Creativity is something we're not even in the ballpark of explaining. And if you actually watch what the octos do, the tentacles are out there doing the explorer thing. And as you probably know if you look at something like ImageNet, you can show, say, a deep learning system a whole lot of pictures of cats and dogs on the web, and eventually youll get it so that it can, most of the time, say this is the cat, and this is the dog. https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-emotional-benefits-of-wandering-11671131450. Planets and stars, eclipses and conjunctions would seem to have no direct effect on our lives, unlike the mundane and sublunary antics of our fellow humans. And I think its a really interesting question about how do you search through a space of possibilities, for example, where youre searching and looking around widely enough so that you can get to something thats genuinely new, but you arent just doing something thats completely random and noisy. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 June 2016 P.G. Cognitive scientist, psychologist, philosopher, author of Scientist in the Crib, Philosophical Baby, The Gardener & The Carpenter, WSJ Mind And Matter columnist. Now its not a form of experience and consciousness so much, but its a form of activity. Alex Murdaugh Receives Life Sentence: What Happens Now? Its absolutely essential for that broad-based learning and understanding to happen. And thats not the right thing. April 16, 2021 Produced by 'The Ezra Klein Show' Here's a sobering. I mean, theyre constantly doing something, and then they look back at their parents to see if their parent is smiling or frowning. Youre watching consciousness come online in real-time. Because theres a reason why the previous generation is doing the things that theyre doing and the sense of, heres this great range of possibilities that we havent considered before. Now its time to get food. $ + tax